P.B. Sarolkar

Formerly with Geological Survey of India, Nagpur-440001, Maharashtra, India

(Email: pbsarolkar@gmail.com)

The development of a country is mainly dependent on the energy security. The main energy sources are mostly conventional energy sources contributing to greenhouse gases leading to global warming. The important Fossil fuels are i) Coal, ii) Petroleum, iii) Natural Gas and iv) Coal Bed Methane, besides this the alternate energy sources like biodiesel and biomass contributed marginally. The climate change perspective required to control the global warming required use of non- conventional, non-polluting sources of energy like i) Hydropower, ii) Nuclear, iii) Wind, iv) Solar and v) Tidal. The largescale installation of these energy sources revealed that these sources are mostly site specific and have particular time window for production. Considering the use of fossil fuels to net zero by the year 2070 (www.investindia), new technology sources like Hydrogen Cells, Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen vehicles have been introduced to substitute the petroleum-based transport system. Similarly, the geothermal energy is also being encouraged to replace the conventional energy sources. Geothermal energy is the heat stored inside the interior of the earth. Geothermal energy is a new and alternate, continuous and site-specific source of energy. The heat is stored in deep seated rocks which is brought to surface by the deep circulation of water. Geothermal energy is a renewable and environment friendly energy source as there is no burning of the fuel.